noviembre 24, 2008

Riesgos periodísticos

La profesión de periodista es una de las más riesgosas en el mundo. En América Latina muchos han sido asesinados en los últimos años, 344 en las dos décadas pasadas, muchos más son a diario maltratados físicamente, se exilian o son amenazados.

Tratando de lidiar sobre esta situación, con la SIP venimos dando seminarios y entrenando a periodistas – más de 2.000 (dos mil) en los últimos años – a través de talleres y seminarios que ofrecemos en diferentes países enseñando herramientas para “minimizar” riesgos y hacer coberturas más seguras. El más prestigioso de todos, es el que ofrecemos en Buenos Aires esta semana a más de 30 reporteros, reporteros gráficos y editores provenientes de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Paraguay, Perú y Venezuela

El seminario lo estamos realizando en el centro de Caecopaz, centro de entrenamiento militar de “cascos azules”, en Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires. Este pasado domingo, tuve la oportunidad de discutir con los periodistas sobre los peligros y riesgos profesionales.

En esa discusión, hubo testimonios muy importantes:
Daniel Salinas Basave, periodista del diario Frontera de Tijuana, México, dijo que “recordaremos el 2008 como el año en que el chaleco antibalas se transformó en un instrumento de trabajo para los reporteros de Frontera. Cierto, el periodismo en Tijuana jamás ha sido un oficio seguro, pero no es exagerado afirmar que nunca como ahora se había vuelto tan riesgoso”.
Salinas prosiguió sobre que existe la amenaza latente de ser víctima de alguna agresión de parte del crimen organizado o mandos policíacos corrompidos como represalia a alguna publicación, “es algo con lo que de una u otra forma hemos convivido siempre”.
“Lo que por desgracia se ha vuelto cotidiano, sobre todo para fotógrafos y reporteros policíacos, es encontrarse en medio de fuegos cruzados y cubrir de cerca cruentos combates propios de una guerra. Desde un tiempo para acá, las calles de Tijuana se han transformado en campo de batalla”.
Para Brigitte Colmán del diario Última Hora, de Asunción, Paraguay, los riesgos mayores los sufren los periodistas alejados de la capital del país. “Lejos de Asunción, donde se concentran los medios, estos periodistas deben sobrevivir en ciudades y pueblos dominados por las distintas mafias: política, de la droga, de las grandes entidades binacionales (Itaipú y Yacyretá), los narco ganaderos, los grupos económicos, etc. En estos lugares son conocidos y por ello, están expuestos a las reacciones que provocan sus publicaciones”.

Por su parte, el periodista Eduardo Valdez Verde del diario Noroeste, de Culiacán, estado de Sinaloa, en México, donde hace una semana el diario El Debate sufrió un atentado con granadas, dijo que “encajuelado", "levantado", "acribillado" y ahora, "descabezado", se han convertido aquí en palabras de uso corriente incluso para los niños. A los enfrentamientos a tiros entre narcotraficantes, se han sumado las amenazas y extorsiones telefónicas contra la población civil y los ataques contra funcionarios públicos que, se supone, deberían estar más seguros que cualquier otro ciudadano. Así se trabaja en Sinaloa. Así se reportea en estas tierras donde no sólo los periodistas, sino toda la comunidad sale a la calle rogando a Dios no cruzarse en el camino de una bala perdida”.

Entre otros periodistas, Norka Peralta Liñán, de El Comercio, Lima, Perú, expresó que el “boom” de las explotaciones mineras y petroleras en su país ha dado origen en los últimos años a diversos conflictos entre las empresas extractivas y las poblaciones que habitan los lugares a ser explotados. Ello ha supuesto en la mayoría de los casos batallas campales, la destrucción de infraestructura pública y privada, el bloqueo de vías, muertos y heridos. Así como ciertas dependencias del Gobierno, como la Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros y la Defensoría del Pueblo, intentan crear mecanismos para prevenir y solucionar esos conflictos.

“Los periodistas – dijo Peralta - nos enfrentamos al reto de informar con responsabilidad antes, durante y después de cada conflicto. No hacerlo correctamente supone el serio riesgo de azuzar las pasiones y los intereses que siempre existen detrás”.

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